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Here's what happens a lot. The Music companies and software companies business associations, such as BSA, IDSA, etc. will get on KaZaa and other open p2p networks and search for software/movies/games that the companies they represent own the copyrights to. Once they find them, they find the IP(s) of the person sharing the files and do a lookup with ARIN to see what company owns the IP that that use is on. The contact that company, usually an ISP, and tell them that if they do not take all means to stop this user from sharing copyrighted material, there will be legal action taken against the ISP as well as the person sharing the files. The proccess is quite automated to a certain extent and I'm sure they are constantly scanning.
The ISP does have a certain responsibility for that its user is doing, and to avoid any trouble, will contact the user, slow down the user, or cut the user's access completely. This happens quite often at the ISP I work for.
Some larger ISP's will take it a step further and do scans of its customer's IPs for common file-sharing ports to catch them before the larger firms find them.
So anyway, if you're still using a p2p client, make sure you are changing settings/ports to non-standard items, and not sharing things that will get you in trouble, such as copyrighted new movies and software. |